Методи лазерного спікання та матеріалознавчі аспекти в адитивному виробництві металів: аналітичний огляд
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31359/2311-441X-2025-27-30Ключові слова:
лазерні 3D-технології, адитивне виробництво, металеві порошки, селективне лазерне плавлення, селективне лазерне спікання, пряме енергетичне осадження, металеві сплавиАнотація
У статті представлено огляд сучасних лазерних 3D-технологій обробки металевих матеріалів, що є одним з провідних напрямів адитивного виробництва. Розглянуто фізичні принципи взаємодії лазера з металевим порошком, механізми плавлення та затвердіння, а також важливість моніторингу процесів in-situ для забезпечення якості. Узагальнено основні методи лазерного 3D-друку металів (SLS, SLM, DMLS, DED/LENS), наведено їхні переваги, обмеження та сфери застосування. Особливу увагу приділено вимогам до металевих порошків, міжнародним стандартам ISO/ASTM та впливу параметрів лазера на мікроструктуру й механічні властивості деталей. Систематизовано характеристики найпоширеніших матеріалів — титанових, алюмінієвих, нікелевих сплавів, нержавіючих сталей, кобальт-хромових і мідних систем.
Посилання
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