Science journal «Technical service of agriculture, forestry and transport systems»
Входить до переліку наукових фахових видань України, категорія «Б». Свідоцтво про державну реєстрацію: серія КВ №25443-15483ПР Науковий журнал призначений для: виробничників, науково-педагогічних працівників, наукових співробітників, аспірантів, докторантів і студентів, які спеціалізуються у відповідних або суміжних галузях науки та напрямках виробництва. Мови видання: українська, англійська Періодичність виходу примірників: 2 рази на рік
Optimization of the company's logistics service system
The article explores approaches to optimizing a company's logistics service system in the context of a modern market characterized by intense competition and growing consumer demands. It is established that one of the key strategic directions in logistics development is maintaining a balance between customer service levels and logistics costs. The study analyzes existing scientific approaches to the selection of logistics strategies and substantiates the feasibility of applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to justify the selection of a set of logistics services aimed at achieving the company's strategic goals. The proposed methodology involves constructing a hierarchical structure comprising the overall goal, performance criteria, and key logistics service indicators serving as alternatives. Pairwise comparisons of the hierarchy elements are performed using expert evaluations, optimal indicators are identified based on the Pareto principle, and the alternatives are ranked according to their impact on the strategic objective. The practical application of the methodology is demonstrated through the case of "Sfera-Avto," a company engaged in the sale of automobiles and spare parts. The results obtained contribute to improving decision-making efficiency in logistics management and enhancing the adaptability of the logistics system to market changes. The methodology can be recommended for use by enterprises seeking to increase their logistics service level without incurring excessive cost growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Science journal «Technical service of agriculture, forestry and transport systems»
Analytical model of parameters of vacuum pump filter
The article deals with the solution of the scientific problem to find methodological approaches to substantiation of the analytical model of parameters of the Vacuum Pump filter. As a result of the research, the equation for determining the velocity of motion of the oil particle when it removes from a vacuum pump and enter the filter of the muffler, the latter has a step increase in the radius and an expression for its determination. The author takes into account that the mass of the particle is not directly included in the formula for the air pressure. However, the mass affects the acceleration of the particle under the influence of pressure. If the air pressure exceeds gravity, the proportion will accelerate. The author considers, in terms of the process that occurs in the filter, it should be noted that the increase in the speed of movement of olive particles should lead to improving the purification effect, as centrifugal forces that act on the particles increase.
Experimental studies of sowing machine-tractor unit consisting of tractor and Vega-8 W Profi seeder
The article presents the results of experimental studies of the sowing machine-tractor unit consisting of tractor and the Vega-8 W Profi seeder. It has been established that the efficiency of agricultural operations largely depends on the productivity of MTA. It has been determined that conventional agricultural methods of growing crops often lead to soil compaction and increased greenhouse gas emissions. During experimental research, a measuring system for the dynamics and energy of mobile machines was used. The measuring system is designed to determine the kinematic, dynamic, power and energy characteristics of mobile machines and their elements during road, field and bench tests. During the first series of studies, the influence of the design parameters of the unit on the dynamics and oscillations of the elements was determined, as well as in order to assess the technical and economic indicators. At a speed of 2.8 m/s, the acceleration of IVP-3, which is installed on the seeder saddle, has the largest range of oscillations. These indicators are influenced by the proximity of the fan of the pneumatic system of the seeder. The main oscillation energies of the elements of the unit are at frequencies of 5, 22 and 30-35 Hz. During the second series of studies, differences in the oscillations of the seeding units of the seeder were determined. The main energy of oscillations (amplitude of vibration accelerations) of the seeder seeders is at frequencies of 3, 20, 28, 30 Hz at a speed of 2.8 m/s. The amplitudes of vibration accelerations of the first and last seeding units at frequencies of 28–30 Hz are lower than the amplitudes of vibration accelerations of the fourth and fifth. The experimental studies carried out in the PSP made it possible to assess the technical and operational indicators of the sowing unit. Indicators of soil condition meet the conditions for sowing grain crops. Soil moisture in layers of 0-5 cm was 21.4%; 5-10 cm – 23.9 %, 10-15 cm – 22.9 %. Optimization of the design parameters of the unit made it possible to improve technical and operational indicators. In the modernized version of the sowing MTA, productivity was increased by 15% to 5.2 ha/h; Fuel consumption per hectare decreased by 0.2 kg/ha (18%) to 2.4 kg/ha.
Modeling the rate of descent of bulk material from rotating conical disk under conditions of excess pressure
The paper presents a mathematical model of the movement of an elementary particle of bulk material on a conical disk rotating at a constant angular velocity. The effect of overpressure in the dosing zone on the trajectory and dynamics of particle motion is investigated. The modeling takes into account gravity, friction, centrifugal and Coriolis forces, as well as the vertical component of the pressure force. Numerical modeling was carried out, the results of which allow us to substantiate the design and operating parameters of a multicomponent dosing and mixing device to ensure uniform supply of components. The results can be used to design efficient systems for mixing bulk materials in the chemical, food, and construction industries.
Assessment of load dynamics of subsoiler in tillage system.
Modern agriculture is focused on the introduction of energy-saving, rational and environmentally friendly agricultural technologies. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to preserving the fertility of agricultural land. One of the most pressing issues facing agricultural enterprises and farmers is excessive soil compaction. This problem is caused by the increasing weight and size of agricultural machinery, which leads to compaction of not only the arable but also the subsoil layer. The depth of compaction depends on a number of factors, including the weight of tractors, the number of passes of machinery, moisture, soil type and physical condition. In addition, intensive ploughing at a steady depth results in the formation of a so-called ‘plough sole’ with a hardness of more than 3.5 MPa. This condition of the soil prevents capillary moisture from rising from deeper layers, which negatively affects the water supply of crop root systems. One of the most effective ways to combat soil compaction is deep loosening (chiselling), also known as vertical tillage. This technology helps to improve the water and air regime of the soil and, under certain conditions, can serve as an alternative to traditional ploughing. This publication examines the load dynamics on deep-rippers used to break up compacted layers in modern tillage systems. The study was carried out using a measuring and recording complex developed at the university, which provides real-time monitoring of machine load parameters without the need to modify its design. This approach allows us to obtain reliable data for further improvement of agricultural processes.
Application of adaptive approach in control system of evaporation process at sugar factory using static model
The article discusses the control system of the juice evaporation process in evaporator units. A regression model of the evaporation process is analyzed, revealing that the model possesses a number of properties that limit its applicability for control tasks. Thepaper addresses the development of mathematical models of the sugar production evaporation process that reflect process dynamics and are based on material and energy balance equations. The main directions for improving the efficiency of the control system for the dynamic evaporation process are identified, allowing for optimization of juice evaporation modes. The key approaches to determining effective mathematical models that describe the juice evaporation process in a multi-effect evaporator are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of mathematical models used in the mathematical support system for optimizing the evaporator operation modes are outlined. Effective algorithms for estimating regression coefficients of the juice evaporation process indicators, described by static models, are reviewed. For this purpose, an accelerated identification algorithm is proposed and investigated. This algorithm differs from existing ones by its higher convergence rate and robustness in the presence of measurement errors, as confirmed during the development of sugar production process models. The application of this algorithm in constructing mathematical models of the sugar production process ensured an acceptable identification error (10%) within 20–30 cycles. The use of this algorithm, in combination with the developed adaptive control algorithm, proved highly effective in solving stabilization problems of output variables in the evaporator section, maintaining a control (stabilization) error not exceeding 10%.
Integration of environmental monitoring and occupational safety systems in context of energy enterprises
The article addresses the integration of environmental monitoring and occupational safety systems at energy enterprises. It examines modern technologies such as IoT and Big Data, which enable the creation of a unified information system for real-time tracking of environmental conditions and workplace safety. The main directions for implementing advanced integrated technologies in environmental monitoring and occupational safety systems are identified. The study analyzes current safety trends during the adoption of modern safety technologies. It also highlights the risks and advantages of such integrations, using examples from Ukrainian practice.
Results of experimental studies of elastic riser of discator with stiffness regulator
The results of experimental tests of an elastic riser with a stiffness regulator in laboratory conditions are presented. According to the results of the performed experimental studies, the dynamics of the traction force of the frame P1, the traction forces of the upper and extreme points of the elastic riser of the disk working body P2 and P3, as well as the orientation angles of the three-axis accelerometer α, β, γ for each experiment according to the Box-Benkin plan of three factors (the angle of the wedge-shaped insert of the elastic riser of the disk working body , the depth of entry of the disk working body into the soil h and the speed of movement v) at three levels of variation were obtained. According to the results of processing the experimental data obtained during the tests of the elastic riser with a stiffness regulator using the Wolfram Cloud program, the dependences in the form of second-order regression equations of the average value of the frame traction force P1, its root-mean-square deviation σ1, the frequency of oscillations of the working body ω, the average value of the force at the upper (P2) and extreme (P3) points of the elastic riser of the disk working body from the angle of the wedge-shaped insertion of the riser of the disk working body , the depth of entry of the disk working body into the soil h and the speed of movement v. By optimizing the obtained equation for the frequency of oscillations of the disk working body under the condition of minimizing the frame traction force, the values of the research factors were obtained: θ = 1.81°, h = 0.06 m, v = 1 m/s. In this case, the minimum frequency of oscillations of the disk working body ωmin = 51.6 Hz.
Forecasting the technical condition of automobile transmissions based on integrated analysis of vibration and acoustic characteristing using advanced methods of artificial intellegence and modeling of transient processes
The technical state prediction of automotive transmissions plays a pivotal role in ensuring the reliability, safety, and cost-effectiveness of modern vehicles. Automotivetransmissions operate under variable and often harsh conditions, which makes early detection of defects and accurate life prediction critical challenges in vehicle maintenance. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for diagnosing and forecasting the technical state of automotive transmissions by leveraging advanced signal analysis, state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques, and mathematical modeling of transient processes. The proposed approach begins with the acquisition of high-precision multi-source data, including vibration, acoustic, and thermal signals collected under real-world operational conditions. Signal preprocessing methods, such as noise reduction and feature extraction using Fourier and Wavelet Transform techniques, are applied to isolate diagnostically significant features. Advanced machine learning algorithms-including neural networks, support vector machines, and ensemble methods such as Random Forest and Gradient Boosting - are employed to classify defect types and predict the remaining useful life of components. Complementary mathematical modeling techniques, including finite element analysis and numerical solutions for nonlinear systems, are used to simulate the dynamics of transmission components under variable loads. Experimental validation demonstrates the methodology’s effectiveness in diagnosing early-stage defects and providing accurate life predictions, significantly reducing unscheduled downtimes. The integration of this methodology into automated monitoring systems improves diagnostic precision and optimizes maintenance schedules, enhancing overall vehicle reliability and safety. Future research will focus on extending this methodology to accommodate emerging vehicle technologies, such as electric and hybrid powertrains, while addressing the challenges of explainability in AI-driven diagnostics.
State of development of traction electric motors of increased reliability
The development of traction motors is an important direction in the improvement of transport vehicles. Traction motors are constantly improving in terms of electricity consumption and reliability and diagnostics, as well as reducing operating costs. This article pays special attention to methods for selecting the type of traction motor, assessing the quality of traction motors during design, manufacture and operation based on their vibration characteristics.
Technological adaptation of general-purpose tractors of imported production in agricultural sector of Ukraine
The article presents new elements of technological adaptation of general-purpose tractors of imported production, the most in demand in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. A new algorithm of technological adaptation of the tillage unit implemented on winter wheat stubble by a New Holland tractor when aggregated with a DLM-8.0 huller is proposed. A new method of ballasting the tractor according to groups of the tillage technological process is proposed, which is based on determining the mass of the ballast. Experimentally, the statement that the use of ballast is effective to a certain increase in the speed of the tractor is proven on the John Deere 8400 tractor. The engine power consumption for tractor movement when moving without ballast / with ballast on different agro backgrounds is considered.
Results of research into process of vibrofrictional separation of coriander seeds
Achieving complete separation of biologically valuable seeds into the target fraction during seed material separation using a single criterion is a difficult task. This problem is solved by using as a separation feature a complex of physical and mechanical properties of components (shape, elasticity, frictional properties), which is possible during vibrofrictional separation of seed material. The paper presents the results of the study of vibrofrictional separation of coriander seeds. Substantiation of rational parameters of the process of separation of seed material on the working surfaces of the vibrofrictional separator ensured an increase in the yield of conditioned material by 27.6% compared to previous cleaning results, as well as increasing its seeding qualities and reducing separation process waste to 7.4% of the mass of the starting material with the same machine performance. The rational parameters of the vibrofriction separator for the preparation of coriander seed are the amplitude of oscillations A = 1.1 mm; the frequency of oscillations ω = 155.0 s-1; the angle of oscillations ε = 28.0°; the longitudinal inclination of the working surfaces α = 3.0°; the transverse inclination of the working surfaces lined with tarpaulin β = 1.9°. With the given parameters, it is possible to obtain 92.6% of the mass of the starting material of conditioned coriander seeds in one pass through the vibrofriction separator. To increase the efficiency of coriander seed preparation in production conditions, it is proposed to include a vibrofriction separator in existing technological lines to obtain high-quality seeds.
Prospects of use of biogas plants in Ukraine
Due to the huge territorial potential and a large amount of agricultural land, relatively low population density and relatively with a favorable climate, the country has good initial conditions for the production, trade and use of bioenergy. In recent years, attention to the issues of rational management of agricultural waste in Ukraine has increased significantly, both from the authorities and from the scientific community. The solution to the problem is possible by implementing effective measures for rapid, safe waste processing and obtaining positive economic and environmental effects from the utilization and reuse of raw materials. The problem of effective waste processing and utilization is one of the most acute in the world, the operation of biogas plants is not a simple task. Considering the world experience in using biogas technologies, we are faced with the problem of profitability of biogas plants. Basically, biogas plants are used not so much as a source of energy, but for neutralizing livestock waste and obtaining high-quality organic fertilizer from them.
Аnalysis of field surface copying systems in designs of grain harvesting agricultural machines
This work provides an explanation, describes the principle of operation and determines the main purpose of systems that provide the surface of the field with harvesting agricultural machines. The analysis of existing balancing mechanisms and copying systems used in agricultural structures for harvesting has been analyzed, with an emphasis on their strengths and weaknesses. According to the results of the analysis of different designs of copying systems, their classification is proposed and explained how they are structurally related, which allows to give a general characteristic of these systems.
Theoretical basis for ensuring technological properties of construction materials for wooden residential construction
This study investigates the utilization of wood residues from forest fires and recycled PET to produce building materials for wooden houses. It focuses on a comprehensive technological approach involving pre-treatment and modification of damaged wood to enhance compatibility with a polymer matrix. The research optimizes composite formation with specific performance characteristics by examining burnt wood properties, component ratios, and technological parameters like temperature and pressure. It also assesses the effectiveness of microwave energy for drying and modifying wood, and for improving the water and fire resistance of the resulting composites. Furthermore, the environmental and economic viability of this waste disposal method is evaluated. This study aims to scientifically justify and develop a comprehensive approach for utilizing substantial wood residues post-forest fires for wooden house construction. This involves establishing scientific, technical, and methodological bases for producing competitive building materials with specific properties. Achieving this requires analyzing fire-damaged wood characteristics, exploring modification and composite use, and considering global trends in wooden construction alongside environmental and economic waste disposal. The research plans to develop optimal wood-polymer composite formulations using recycled PET and identify the most effective production processes, ultimately providing practical recommendations for the industrial production of eco-friendly and cost-effective building materials from secondary resources. This research scientifically validated and developed a comprehensive approach for utilizing wood residues post-fire and recycled PET for wooden house construction. Optimal pre-treatment methods minimizing thermal damage to wood's properties were identified. New data on burnt wood characteristics informed the creation of wood-polymer composite formulations with specific properties. Recycled PET proved effective as a binder, enhancing water and biological resistance. Technological recommendations for pultrusion of long profiles were developed. The study investigated flame retardants' impact on fire resistance and used microwave drying modeling to determine optimal processing parameters. Economic analysis indicated potential benefits due to reduced costs. The findings can inform industrial production of eco-friendly building materials from secondary resources.
Review of modern approaches to improving beeswax melting technologies: technical solutions and engineering perspectives
The article presents a systematic review of modern technologies for beeswax extraction with a focus on equipment design, engineering innovations, and energy efficiency. The classification of traditional and industrial methods of wax melting is provided, and technical solutions for the modernization of steam, centrifugal, and combined units are described in detail. Novel approaches to beeswax purification, as well as its applications in energy, engineering, and agri-industrial production, are thoroughly analyzed. Special attention is given to the socio-economic aspects of technology implementation in beekeeping practices, including the cluster model of raw material processing, training of qualified personnel, and the development of engineering and educational programs. Graphical models and analytical tables are provided to illustrate the efficiency indicators of various technical solutions. The results demonstrate the high potential of technical modernization as a means to increase productivity, reduce wax losses, and create new infrastructure for the sustainable development of beekeeping.
Kinematics of small-sized skidding system with trajectory in form of arc of circle
The study concerns the process of skidding of wood raw materials during felling, formation and rehabilitation of forest stands using mini skidding devices, for example, mini skidders of the leash type. The conditions for skidding of a single round timber in a half-loaded state in flat conditions were selected. The purpose of the study is to mathematically describe the kinematics of the endpoints of the mini skidding system during its movement along a trajectory in the form of an arc of a circle. The theoretical study was carried out by mathematical modeling using the basic principles of theoretical mechanics and the physical characteristics of the subject of work. The skidding method and maneuverability of the skidding device were taken into account. The mathematical model assumes consideration of the main parameters of the forest stand, in particular the layout of trees and their average diameter in the clearing part. The result of the research is the obtained equations and mathematical dependencies, which allow building the trajectory of movement of the end point of the skidding system, provided that the equation of the trajectory of movement of its starting point is known.
Review of designs of seeding machines for Mini-Till and No-Till technologies in resource-saving farming systems
The current issues of increasing the efficiency of sowing grain crops in the context of the implementation of resource-saving agricultural technologies mini-till and no-till are considered. A review of modern sowing machines, design features of seeders from different manufacturers, as well as technical and technological solutions aimed at improving the quality of sowing is conducted. Design solutions used in sowing machines from leading domestic and foreign manufacturers are analyzed, in particular the designs of openers, wrappers, clamping mechanisms and copying systems. Effective implementations of technical solutions that ensure high-quality sowing in fields with a large amount of crop residues and with a changed soil structure are presented. The research results provide an opportunity to form an idea of promising areas for improving seeding machines and increasing the efficiency of their use in sustainable farming systems.
Comprehensive solution of logistics problem of ensuring the life of population in emergency situations
The work considers the urgent problem of timely and effective provision of food and staff of the State Emergency Service in the territories that are victims of emergencies. On the basis of an analysis of a number of publications, it is shown that most deaths in the process of natural catastrophes are caused not by direct striking factors, but by hunger and epidemics that occur in the respective territory. There are also many facts about the negative effects on the health of the most vulnerable categories of the population (children, elderly, people suffering from chronic diseases, etc.) of long, more than twenty -one days, nutrition with high -energy fruit pastes, cookies, and standard army diet. The example of the US and Japan shows cases of detection of significant food reserves in stores warehouses that have not been used in the process of eliminating the consequences of emergencies. To prevent this phenomenon, it is proposed to use centralized preparation and nutrition of the population using army field kitchens. To use them, you need to have enough products and recipe for hot dishes. Generally, this task was called linear programming problem. A numerical example of its solution is given.This approach provides an opportunity to make regulatory calculations necessary to determine the amount of inventories of products in case of emergencies. The developed diet uses only local and public products. Since, in emergency situations, decisions are made in conditions of incomplete information, the methods of stochastic linear programming were used to optimize logistics processes. To solve the problem of the diet, it is accepted that the distribution of the parameters of the problem is uniform. To optimize the fuel costs required for the delivery of consumption products, a linear programming transportation problem was solved in deterministic and stochastic variants.
Determination of indicators and ways to improve the stability of wheeled forest machines in various operating conditions
The theoretical foundations of static and dynamic stability of forest machines, particularly timber trucks, are examined, taking into account the physical principles underlying motion dynamics. The factors and conditions causing loss of stability, specifically sliding and rollover, are investigated for forestry equipment. Lateral and longitudinal stability, as well as stability during cornering, are analyzed. The significant impact of speed, turning radius, center of mass position, load redistribution, and centrifugal forces on the stability of the timber truck is emphasized. The dependence of stability on operating conditions, including the influence of road surface type, surface condition, and angles of longitudinal and lateral slopes, is analyzed. Mathematical models for simulating the movement of forest machines and determining critical parameters, such as speed and inclination angle, are described. Ways to improve the stability of forestry vehicles through design modifications, such as lowering the center of gravity, increasing track width, and using active suspension systems and electronic stability control, are proposed.
Technique for Teaching Parametric 3D Furniture Modelling
The object of the study is the technique for teaching students 3D modelling of furniture products using general-purpose CAD systems. The aim of the research is to improve the technique for teaching students of technical and designer specialisations parametric three-dimensional modelling of furniture products using general-purpose CAD systems. In this context, particular importance is attached to the appropriate selection of a furniture product that serves as the initial example for introducing students to the use of three-dimensional parametric CAD. The subject of the study involves defining the requirements for a furniture product intended for initial student training, determining the sequence of constructing its 3D model, and identifying approaches to developing task variants and the subsequent extension of assignments through a transition from individual to collective group work. The research is based on the generalisation of experience gained during the implementation of a collective group project on the development of school furniture by students enrolled in the educational programme Woodworking and Furniture Technologies at the bachelor’s level of higher education at the State Biotechnological University (Kharkiv, Ukraine), as well as on the results of an analysis of relevant literature sources. The feasibility of using pupils’ desks and chairs as educational objects for the initial training of students in parametric 3D modelling has been substantiated. It is proposed to supplement the well-known four-stage teaching methodology (consisting of creating a 3D model based on detailed drawings of component parts, modifying parts, varying dimensions, and expanding the product range) with an additional stage. This stage involves the creation of structurally distinct products with similar functional purposes, or the completion of a collective group assignment focused on designing other items of furniture (preferably for furnishing the same interior space). In this approach, students independently form groups of two to three members, select and model specific furniture items, and collaboratively develop a functionally complete furniture set while coordinating key structural, technological, and aesthetic solutions. The obtained results may be applied in updating educational programmes in furniture design, interior design, and wood processing technologies.
Physico-Mechanical Foundations and Optimization of Centrifugation Regimes in Beeswax Rendering
The article examines the process of beeswax rendering in an innovative centrifugal unit with steam heating as a complex multistage heat and mass transfer and mechanical system. Unlike traditional wax rendering methods, the proposed approach implements forced mechanical intensification of the process through the action of centrifugal forces, which significantly alters the energy structure of phase separation and increases the efficiency of wax extraction from the porous structure of comb residues. The process is described from the standpoint of thermodynamics of open systems, taking into account internal entropy production, phase transition phenomena, and viscous filtration of molten wax. A physico-mechanical model is proposed that combines heat conduction, a Stefan-type melting problem for beeswax, and a generalized Darcy–Forchheimer law with an additional centrifugal driving pressure. Quantitative analysis of the influence of operating parameters is performed using a second-order multifactor regression model with the construction of response surfaces. It is established that the dominant factors determining beeswax yield are the rotational speed of the centrifuge drum and the duration of the process, whereas steam temperature has an auxiliary character and should be limited from the standpoint of energy efficiency. Based on the analysis of local sensitivities and response surfaces, rational centrifugation regimes are identified, ensuring an increase in wax yield of up to 90% while reducing specific energy consumption by approximately 20% compared with traditional methods. The obtained results can be used in the design and optimization of industrial units for beeswax rendering.
Mechanical Model of the Bee Bread Granules Separation Process in a Rotary Extractor
This paper presents a mechanical model describing the impact interaction between a rotor hammer and the wax cells of honeycombs during the separation of bee bread granules. An analytical dependence was obtained for determining the maximum impact force Pmax through the impact impulse, hammer mass, rotor angular velocity, and contact duration. A criterion of selective wax destruction while preserving the integrity of bee bread granules was proposed, based on the relationship between the strength limits of the contacting materials. The optimal range of rotor angular velocity (ω=30–45 s−1) and geometric parameters of hammers (edge rounding radius 2–3 mm) ensuring effective extraction without damaging the granules were determined. The model limitations were analyzed, including the absence of friction, localized deformation, simultaneous multi-point contact, and the need to refine stiffness parameters k and pk under varying humidity or temperature conditions. The obtained results can be applied to the optimization of rotary extractor designs and improvement of mechanical bee bread extraction efficiency.
Analysis of methods for applying ceramic coatings in various ways to increase the operational stability and wear resistance of parts
The article discusses experimental studies of applying ceramic coatings by various methods and means to components of working bodies of agricultural machinery, engines of automobile and tractor machinery. In addition, several ceramic coating materials and their application processes were carefully considered, the use of ceramic coating optimization methods, as well as dispersion analysis were investigated.
Probabilistic аssessment of the stress–strain state of the drum shaft of a grain‑cleaning separator under fatigue failure conditions
The paper presents a combined computational and experimental analysis of the shaft of a perforated drum in a grain‑cleaning separator, accounting for static and cyclic loads and the stochastic nature of fatigue failure of welded joints. The object of study is the drum shaft subjected to uniformly distributed and concentrated bending loads from its own weight, the mass of the drum and grain bulk, as well as the driving torque. Evaluation of the stress–strain state of a finite‑element model built in Autodesk Inventor confirmed an adequate margin of static strength for the considered design variants. At the same time, local zones of stress concentration were identified at welded seams, where the safety factor may drop below unity, which is critical under variable loading. Fatigue life calculations were performed using allowable stresses with median S–N curves and a probabilistic assessment that accounts for the distribution of stress amplitudes and the level of residual stresses generated during welding. It is shown that high residual stresses substantially reduce service life, whereas optimization of welding technology aimed at ensuring full penetration and subsequent post‑weld heat treatment significantly increases durability. A set of constructive and technological measures is proposed, including refinement of shaft geometry, application of reinforcing elements in crack initiation zones, preheating, and welding quality control to reduce residual stresses. The results have practical value for the design, modernization, and enhancement of operational reliability of separators in grain processing lines.
Evaluation of cyclic crack resistance of high-carbon steels with different types of cementite mesh
The article investigates the influence of structural constituents of hypereutectoid graphitized steels on the service performance of forming tools with helical calibers. It is shown that complex contact interaction conditions, intensive heat generation, and non-uniform stress distribution lead to accelerated wear and contact fatigue of the roll working surfaces, which imposes increased requirements on the material and its heat treatment regimes. Hypereutectoid steels with different morphologies of the carbide phase and graphite inclusions were experimentally studied under single- and multi-stage normalizing at various temperatures and cooling rates. The regularities of the influence of austenitizing temperature and cooling conditions on carbide refinement, pearlite spheroidization, and the formation of structurally free cementite were established. It was demonstrated that multi-stage normalizing with accelerated cooling ensures enhanced thermal endurance and cyclic crack resistance of the steels. Regression equations were obtained that relate static fracture toughness and thermal endurance to the size of carbide inclusions and the distance between them. On this basis, a scoring scale was developed to assess the influence of the carbide phase on the performance of rolls for ball-rolling mills. It was established that steels with spheroidized pearlite, compact or globular graphite inclusions, and finely dispersed isolated carbides exhibit the best service properties.
Analytical forecasting of the durability of chromium-nickel forming tools using statistical and regression models.
The article considers the problem of ensuring the reliability and forecasting the resource of two-layer chromium-nickel rolling rolls of the LPHND-63 design, which are subject to intensive mechanical, thermal and contact-fatigue wear under modern rolling conditions. Unforeseen failures of forming tools cause significant economic losses, which makes it necessary to develop methods for reliable assessment of their actual condition and forecasting of operating time. The paper analyzes modern approaches to increasing the operational stability of rolls, which indicates the dominance of directions related to the improvement of materials, chemical composition and heat treatment technologies. At the same time, the issue of forecasting the resource taking into account the conditions and operating schemes remains insufficiently studied. Based on statistical data, forming tools operated in various combinations of finishing and roughing stands were investigated. The homogeneity of the selections and the relationships between technological and operational parameters were assessed. A significant difference in the variation of indicators depending on the scheme of application of forming tools was established. Using multiple linear regression methods, a model for predicting the total operating time was constructed, which reflects the influence of roll hardness and the number of installations in finishing and roughing stands. The obtained equation allows quantitatively assessing the change in resource by key parameters and can be used to optimize technological schemes for using LPHND-63 rolls.
Визначення оптимальних матеріалів для відновлення інструментальних штампів, що піддаються абразивному зносу через аналіз зносостійкості металу, наплавленого стандартними електродними матеріалами українських виробників
Проведено аналіз типової конструкції, схеми роботи, умов зношування штампів для виготовлення деталей з неметалевих матеріалів з абразивним покриттям. Показано, що крім досить високої зносостійкості кромок штампів, їхня робоча поверхня повинна чинити опір шаржуванню абразивною масою, а рівень пластичності і в'язкості металу кромок повинен виключати сколювання їх фрагментів у процесі експлуатації. Структура металу, наплавленого попередньо обраними електродними матеріалами, змінювалася від феритної до заевтектичної з великою кількістю зміцнювальних фаз, мікротвердість яких досягає 20 ГПа. Випробування на опір абразивному зношуванню показали, що зносостійкість в межах дослідженого ряду матеріалів відрізняється до 5 разів.
Modeling the process of skidding wood under the canopy of a forest plantation
The study examines the issue of skidding wood using small-sized mechanized skidding tools in areas of a forest plantation created artificially according to a known scheme for placing trees in it. The basis is the conditions of evenly gradual felling or similar to them, when skidding wood must be performed between the trees that remain on the area. The purpose of the study is to create a model of an artificial forest plantation and a mathematical model of the kinematics of the skidding system in it and to develop a simulation computer model of the skidding system movement in the plantation on their basis. The basis for implementing the study goal is mathematical modeling, which is based on the basic laws of theoretical mechanics and physics. At the same time, the technical capabilities of a small-sized skidding tool, the physical properties of the object of work and the method of its fixation on the skidding tool are taken into account and reflected. The main features of the skidding system's operating environment that will affect its kinematics and overall dimensions are taken into account. The result of the research is a model of an artificial forest stand, a mathematical model of the kinematics of a small-sized skidding system with a description of partial cases, its numerical implementation, and a computer model for simulating the movement of the skidding system in the stand.
Substantiation of the effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicle control for the needs of agricultural production based on the application of a neural network approach
An important vector for the development of agricultural production is the use of artificial intelligence and automated control systems in various branches of agribusiness. One of the main components of the application of automated control systems is the efficiency, simplification and safety of human labor in agricultural production in various jobs. The use of a neural network approach in the control system of various automated systems and mechanisms in various jobs makes it possible to increase their efficiency. The aim of the work is to increase the accuracy of predicting the flight trajectory of a drone by developing a trajectory prediction model based on a neural network approach. Based on a set of video materials for training a neural network, a model for predicting the flight trajectory of a UAV was developed. Using the Blender 3D modeling tool, a set of data was created based on the display of various scenarios of environmental conditions. The neural network architecture includes long-short-term memory (LSTM) blocks that are able to process sequential data, making them ideal for predicting the dynamic trajectory of a UAV. The results show that the neural network showed better performance in real-world scenarios compared to traditional trajectory prediction methods. The integration of LSTM allowed for effective learning and generalization of temporal data, capturing complex movements and interactions with the environment. This study not only demonstrates the possibility of using neural network learning for UAV trajectory prediction, but also livestock management, automated crop harvesting and sorting, plant and soil management, etc. In addition, real-time trajectory prediction can significantly improve the efficiency and speed of decision-making. The scientific novelty of the results lies in the development and training of learning models based on the neural network approach, specifically designed for drone flight trajectory prediction. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its ability to increase the accuracy of UAV trajectory prediction.