Science journal «Technical service of agriculture, forestry and transport systems»
Входить до переліку наукових фахових видань України, категорія «Б». Свідоцтво про державну реєстрацію: серія КВ №25443-15483ПР Науковий журнал призначений для: виробничників, науково-педагогічних працівників, наукових співробітників, аспірантів, докторантів і студентів, які спеціалізуються у відповідних або суміжних галузях науки та напрямках виробництва. Мови видання: українська, англійська Періодичність виходу примірників: 2 рази на рік
Robotic technologies in livestock farming: modern systems and development prospects
This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of current robotic and automated technologies implemented in livestock farming to enhance production efficiency, reduce operational expenses, improve animal welfare, and ensure sustainable sectoral development. Particular attention is paid to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and sensor-based systems into the infrastructure of livestock enterprises. The study synthesizes the functional capabilities of automated systems for feeding, milking, health monitoring, microclimate control, and sanitation. Literature data indicate that the implementation of such technologies leads to a 10–20% increase in productivity, a 30–50% reduction in production costs, a 25–40% decrease in animal morbidity, and a 20–25% reduction in antibiotic use. The use of blockchain technologies is shown to improve traceability and biosafety within supply chains. The review also highlights the advantages of adaptive management systems, real-time monitoring of physiological parameters, and machine learning algorithms in the context of precision livestock farming. These technologies enable individualized feeding, early disease detection, optimized resource use, and improved milk quality through automated milking systems. The findings confirm the effectiveness of robotic technologies as key tools for the modernization of livestock production. Digital transformation supports enhanced economic profitability, improved animal housing conditions, and reduced environmental impact. Further research should focus on developing adaptive AI-driven systems and decision-support models tailored to the needs of small and medium-sized farms, while ensuring data security and building digital competencies among farm personnel.
Copyright (c) 2026 Science journal «Technical service of agriculture, forestry and transport systems»
Development of Efficiency Criteria for Safe Evaporation in Multiple-Effect Evaporator Units at Sugar Plants
This paper examines the control system of the technological process of juice evaporation in multiple-effect evaporator units (MEE) used at sugar plants. The analysis of process features has shown that the efficiency of evaporation is largely determined by the accuracy of maintaining operating conditions and parameters defined by thermal calculations. The main directions for improving the efficiency of control systems for the dynamic evaporation process are identified, enabling the optimization of MEE operating modes. Based on the performance analysis of evaporator units, a set of key indicators and criteria influencing the optimization of the evaporation process has been determined, and their rational values have been substantiated. The use of a universal efficiency indicator, namely “equivalent fuel consumption,” is justified, as it integrally characterizes the energy efficiency of the process. In addition, a product quality indicator—juice color—is considered, which significantly affects the overall efficiency of MEE operation. The ranges of color values corresponding to high product quality during the evaporation process are defined. Special attention is paid to occupational safety issues associated with the evaporation process. It is shown that the implementation of automated control systems for MEE operation contributes to increased labor productivity, improved working conditions, and reduced occupational injuries and morbidity. The proposed directions for improvement and the defined efficiency criteria with specified operating ranges can be used to enhance modeling accuracy in automated control systems aimed at optimizing the operating modes of multiple-effect evaporator units.
Physical-mathematical modeling of particle motion in air flow between vibrating planes
Separation of grain materials in the air stream between vibrating working planes is a more rational method that provides an increase in the separation time without increasing the size of the separator and energy losses in the separation process, which is pneumatic separation between two vibrating planes. The effectiveness of this separation method and its result depend on the optimal values of the parameters of the separation process, for example, such as the air flow speed, the frequency and amplitude of oscillations of the working surfaces, as well as the distance between them. The justification of the listed parameters can be performed by mathematical modeling of the separation process. But the model of particle motion in the air stream between vibrating working planes is difficult to use in production conditions. Therefore, the aim of the work was to simplify the theoretical model of the symmetric motion of a particle in the air stream under the action of vibration of the working planes, in order to quickly determine the parameters of the separation process of grain materials without significant loss of calculation accuracy. The results of calculations based on a simplified model of particle motion in the air flow between vibrating working planes make it possible to effectively separate the components of grain material and predict its results with minimal loss of accuracy.
Research into typical causes and conditions of agricultural machinery fires
The purpose of this article is to determine the most typical causes and conditions of agricultural machinery fires based on foreign publications published at different times In Ukraine, much less tractor equipment is used for agricultural work, and at the same time, it has a much longer service life than in more economically developed countries. The age of tractor drivers and truck drivers is 50+ and 40+ years, respectively, and their number is insufficient. Then the equipment and people will be operated with increased load (and in the summer period and in conditions of elevated temperatures), which with a high probability can provoke emergency situations, including fires. The statistics of fires at agricultural tractors and combine harvesters are highlighted, on the basis of which the corresponding diagrams of the causes and conditions of fires at agricultural machinery are built. Based on the presented data, it is possible to conclude that the main place of occurrence of fires is the engine and the electrical system, and the sources of ignition are hot combustion products and surfaces heated by them and thermal manifestations of electrical energy. The largest number of fires occurred in June, October and November, the most dangerous days of the week are Tuesday and Wednesday, respectively, the most dangerous time of day is from 14.00 to 16.00.Conclusions were drawn regarding potentially dangerous operating conditions of agricultural machinery.
Development of methods to improve the quality of tractor design, manufacturing and operation
Despite the fact that in recent decades various scientifically based measures have been taken to improve the quality of domestic tractors, their service life, technical and environmental reliability are insufficient to ensure competitiveness. The solution of these issues in existing studies was carried out with insufficient consideration of the influence of all external and internal factors on the service life of tractors. Tractor designers do not have at their disposal effective methods and recommendations for making optimal decisions when designing units and the tractor as a whole for a given service life. One of the directions for solving this problem is the use of diagnostic information obtained when studying the vibration parameters of tractor mechanisms. Such parameters can serve as a universal indicator of the technical level of design and the condition of tractors at all stages of their life cycle. This is a fundamentally new approach to a comprehensive solution to the important scientific problem of managing the quality of design and manufacturing of tractors, increasing the efficiency of their operation. The paper examines in detail the theoretical, experimental and practical aspects of determining the permissible vibration of tractor mechanisms and methods for achieving them. Vibration classes of designed tractors have been developed taking into account the specified resource, control of tractor vibration for compliance with vibration standards during tractor production and operation.
Research on the system of automatic regulation of the deepening of the working parts of the root harvesting machine during the harvesting process
Abstract. The development of modern mechanical engineering is characterized by an increase in the capacity of root harvesting machines, which leads to an intensification of the technological process and more stringent operating conditions for the machines themselves. In addition, the problem of reducing losses and damage to root crops and ensuring the reliability of the operation by the digging bodies of root harvesting machines, among which the digging disks occupy a special place, remains quite relevant. The functional scheme of the system for automatic regulation of the deepening of the working bodies is substantiated. The rational parameters of the system are determined and substantiated. The system is stable at the operating speed of the machine in the range of 6 - 8 km/h and the specified depth of the digging tools in the range of 6 - 9 cm. The system delay time is 0,1 s, the average power consumption from the machine's hydraulic system is 2,2 kW, the root mean square deviation of the digging tools' depth from the specified one was 0,6 cm. The agrotechnical assessment showed a reduction in the number of root losses by 1,5% compared to the serial root harvester.
system for automatic adjustment of the working tools' depth
Innovative methods and STEM technologies in advanced engineering students
Abstract. At the present stage, engineering education is undergoing significant transformations driven by rapid digitalization, automation of production processes, and changes in labor market requirements under Industry 4.0. Traditional educational models often fail to ensure the development of a full range of professional, digital, and interdisciplinary competencies required for successful engineering practice. This article examines innovative and interactive teaching methods, STEM technologies, and modern digital tools as effective means of training future engineers. Particular attention is paid to project-based and problem-based learning, gamification, the use of virtual and augmented reality, learning management systems, and artificial intelligence tools. It is substantiated that the implementation of these approaches enhances student motivation, promotes critical thinking, develops practical skills, and increases readiness for professional self-realization.
Optimal control of an overhead crane with a constraint on load deviation during motion and complete suppression of load oscillations after stopping at a prescribed point
Abstract. This work presents the results of a study of the motion of a two mass “trolley–load” model representative of most overhead cranes. During trolley motion, load oscillations naturally arise and must be eliminated after the trolley stops at a prescribed position. The primary objective, however, is to minimize the duration of the handling cycle. Therefore, the optimality criterion for the trolley control law is maximum speed of operation. Such a criterion will enable, when these control laws are implemented on a real crane using microprocessor control, attainment of maximal throughput—an important requirement for handling cranes operating under high cargo flow. The study shows that to achieve the objective of maximal throughput, maximum acceleration or braking must be applied during transient phases. For long hoist ropes this may produce unacceptable load oscillation amplitudes during motion. Consequently, the problem formulation considered here includes a constraint on the maximum allowable load deviation while preserving all other criteria and constraints. A principal distinction of the proposed approach from many known solutions is the deliberate omission of eliminating load oscillations immediately after the trolley acceleration phase. This omission is intended to produce a consistent phase state prior to the onset of braking, independent of the distance traveled by the trolley. Omitting oscillation suppression during acceleration shortens the handling cycle because time is not spent damping load oscillations during acceleration. This approach complicates the problem substantially because the optimal control must be found on the terminal segment of the cycle (trolley stop), when the initial phase coordinates vary and depend on the travel distance. Load oscillations are absent only after the trolley comes to rest. Use of a simple two mass crane model enables analytical investigation of trolley and load motion. Employing more complex numerical models forces reliance on numerical methods, which significantly reduces analytical insight and offers no advantage here, since the studied phenomena are low frequency load oscillations that are not strongly affected by other factors (for example, drive dynamics). It is important to choose the control variable rationally. The control input may be trolley acceleration or the driving force. Selecting the driving force as the control variable is more rational because it allows kinetic energy of the load to be utilized during braking or acceleration on certain cycle segments and prevents drive overload. The analysis demonstrates that, under the stated constraints, the trolley acceleration process proceeds as follows: with two short control actions (“accelerate–brake”) the load is brought to the maximum allowable deflection behind the trolley and then moves together with the trolley in the deflected state under accelerated motion until the trolley reaches steady speed. During steady motion the load oscillates freely. On the trolley stopping segment the load is brought to the maximum allowable deflection ahead of the trolley; braking of the load and trolley as a single unit then begins in the deflected state down to a prescribed value, followed by the final trolley stop. The acceleration and braking segments are similar in structure, but during acceleration the load is held deflected behind the trolley, whereas during braking it is deflected ahead.
Modeling of degradation and regeneration of porous materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene in transformer oil filtration
Abstract. The paper addresses the problem of degradation and regeneration of porous filtering materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) used for purification of transformer oils during the operation of power electrical equipment. The relevance of the study is обусловлена the need to ensure stable dielectric and эксплуатационные properties of transformer oils, which deteriorate over time due to the accumulation of mechanical impurities, oxidation products, and moisture. The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical model of multi-cycle operation of a PTFE filter, taking into account contaminant accumulation, increase in hydraulic resistance, structural degradation of the material, and reduction in regeneration efficiency. The object of the study is sintered PTFE obtained by leaching a NaCl pore-forming agent, which results in a bimodal cavity-channel pore structure. The proposed model is based on Darcy’s law for describing fluid flow in porous media and introduces a dimensionless pore filling factor that relates the mass of accumulated contaminants to the dirt-holding capacity of the material. The nonlinear dependence of hydraulic resistance on the degree of clogging accounts for different mechanisms of filling of large cavities and narrow inter-pore channels. Particular attention is paid to modeling the degradation of regeneration efficiency under multi-cycle operation, as well as to the accumulation of irreversible residues that reduce the available dirt-holding capacity and increase the initial hydraulic resistance of the filter. Numerical simulation of 10 filtration–regeneration cycles was carried out under specified operating parameters. It was established that the filter lifetime decreases by more than three times (from 8.64 to 2.80 hours), while the initial hydraulic resistance increases by a factor of 2.44. It is shown that the total volume of filtered oil in multi-cycle operation is 6.3 times higher than that of single-use operation, confirming the feasibility of regeneration despite its gradual degradation. Sensitivity analysis revealed the dominant influence of two key factors: the initial dirt-holding capacity and the regeneration efficiency. It is shown that increasing the dirt-holding capacity through optimization of the pore-former granulometry significantly enhances the filter lifetime, while improving regeneration efficiency (e.g., by ultrasonic treatment combined with heated solvents) increases the number of operating cycles and the total volume of purified oil.
Improving the Efficiency of the Separation Process of Cereal and Legume Seeds through the Use of Mechanical Intensifiers
Abstract. The installation of additional mesh intensifiers on the working surface of a pneumatic separation table improves the qualitative indicators of the process while simultaneously increasing the specific feed rate of the material. To adequately determine the structural (geometric) parameters of the mesh intensifier, a method of mechanical-mathematical modeling of the seed material separation process was used, taking into account the structural parameters and kinematic operating modes of the separating machine, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of soybean and chickpea seeds, where the seed material is considered as a multiphase medium. The results of mathematical modeling are presented, namely the dependence of the purity of the main fraction on the determining parameters of the process.
Application of GPS monitoring and IoT sensors in agricultural machinery control systems
Abstract. This paper investigates modern approaches to the application of GPS monitoring and IoT sensors in agricultural machinery management systems. The principles of operation of global navigation systems, sensor networks, and cloud platforms in the context of precision agriculture are analyzed. The architecture of integrated machinery monitoring systems is described, including data transmission, processing, and decision-making processes. The effectiveness of implementing GPS/IoT solutions is presented through tables and graphs. The study shows that these technologies improve machinery productivity, reduce fuel consumption, and optimize agricultural operations.
To the study of the dynamics of the transmission of a wheeled tractor operating as part of a soil tillage unit
Abstract. It has been determined that the study of the dynamics of the transmission of a wheeled tractor operating as part of a tillage unit is key to improving the efficiency, reliability and durability of agricultural machinery. This is a complex task that includes the analysis of the interaction of the tractor with the soil, dynamic loads on the transmission, as well as the optimization of gear shifting and control systems. It has been established that the efficiency of tillage units largely depends on the interaction of working bodies with soil and traction characteristics of the tractor. It has been established that the study of the dynamics of the transmission dynamics of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor operating as part of a tillage MTA requires the compilation of an appropriate dynamic and mathematical model. Using the methods of forming the equations of the dynamics of the tractor transmission, the corresponding dynamic and mathematical models of the tractor transmission were compiled. A mathematical model of the dynamics of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor operating as part of a tillage unit was studied on the example of a wheeled tractor KhTZ-17021 and a cultivator KPS-4.2. The dependencies of the rotation speeds of the transmission elements and wheels of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor on time have been established. The dependencies of the moments acting on the transmission elements and the torques of the wheels of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor on time have been determined. The dependence of the tangential traction forces and the resistance of the wheels of the wheels of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor on time has been calculated. The angular velocities ω1, ω2 and ω3 have a pronounced transient process at the initial stage (t < 1 s). After a short-term transient, the system enters a steady state of operation at ω1 ≈ 275 rad/s, ω2 ≈275 rad/s and ω3 ≈40 rad/s. After the completion of the transient, the torques of the tractor wheels stabilize at the level of Mk11 ≈ Mk12 ≈ 1.8·104 N·m and Mk21 ≈ Mk22 ≈ 1.1 104 N·m. At the initial moment of time, there is a short-term sharp impulse (peak value) of the tangential forces of traction and resistance of the wheels of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor, after which all curves quickly fade away (at the level of Pk11 ≈ Pk12 ≈ 0.73·104 N and Pk21 ≈ Pk22 ≈ 0.45·104 N).
Research on openers for sowing grain crops using Mini-till technology
Abstract. The article presents the results of research on the designs of grain seed drill coulters adapted to the conditions of sowing using the Mini-till technology. An experimental double-disk coulter with a cut-out disc has been developed, in which the peripheral part of the disc of larger diameter is made with conical cutouts for effective cutting of plant residues. Experimental studies were carried out on a grain seeder SZ-3.6 at different speeds of movement and levels of coulter downforce with a comparison of the experimental coulter with serial double-disk single-row coulters and coulters with different-sized discs. The effect of seed furrow compaction by a roller on soil hardness and germination of winter wheat seeds has been studied. It has been shown that local soil compaction in the sowing zone increases the hardness of the seed layer and contributes to an increase in field seed germination. The results obtained confirm the feasibility of using the developed opener in the context of the resource-saving Mini-till technology.
Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of a disk tillage unit with adaptive stiffness parameters
Список використаних джерел 1. Адамчук В. В., Булгаков В. М., Головач І. В., Горобей В. П. Теоретичні основи коливання зубчастого сошника селекційної сівалки. Механізація та електрифікація сільського господарства: між від. темат. наук. зб. 2015. Вип. 1 (100). С. 10–21. 2. В. Ф. Пащенко, В. В. Ким Методика построения математических моделей устойчивости функционирования механических систем. Харьков: ХНАУ им. В. В Докучаева, 2010. 115 с. 3. Козаченко О.В. Проблеми ресурсозбереження у сільськогосподарських агрегатах: наукове видання. Харків: Торнадо, 2008. – 272с. 4. Антощенков Р. В., Галич І. В., Череватенко Г. І. Динаміка та енергетика руху машинно-тракторного агрегату з урахуванням профілю опорної поверхні: монографія. – Харків: ДБТУ, 2024. – 100 с. 5. Козаченко О.В. Динамічна модель процесу деформації пружної стійки дискатора / О.В. Козаченко, К.В. Сєдих // Техніка та енергетика. Київ: НУБіП, № 11(3), 2020. С. 31-39. 6. Козаченко О.В. 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Кобець А.С., Алієв Е.Б., Теслюк Г.В., Алієва О.Ю. Симуляція процесу взаємодії робочих органів ґрунтообробних машин із ґрунтом в Simcenter STAR-CCM+. Науковий журнал Техніка та енергетика НУБіП Том 14, № 1. 2023. DOI: 10.31548/machinery/1.2023.09. 11. Алієв Е.Б., Теслюк Г.В., Бєлка О.В., Пацула О.М. Чисельне моделювання процесу роботи грунтообробного модуля для передпосівного обробітку грунту. Науково-технічний бюлетень Інституту олійних культур НААН, 2023, № 34: ст. 132-145 DOI: 10.36710/IOC-2023-34-12. References 1. Adamchuk V. V., Bulgakov V. M., Golovach I. V., Gorobey V. P. Theoretical foundations of oscillation of the toothed coulter of a selective seeder. Mechanization and electrification of agriculture: inter-subject. scientific collection. 2015. Issue 1 (100). P. 10–21. 2. V. F. Pashchenko, V. V. Kim Methodology for building mathematical models of the stability of the functioning of mechanical systems. Kharkiv: KhNAU named after V. V. Dokuchaev, 2010. 115 p. 3. Kozachenko O. V. Problems of resource conservation in agricultural aggregates: scientific publication. Kharkiv: Tornado, 2008. – 272 p. 4. Antoshchenkov R. V., Galich I. V., Cherevatenko G. I. Dynamics and energetics of the movement of a machine-tractor unit taking into account the profile of the supporting surface: monograph. – Kharkiv: DBTU, 2024. – 100 p. 5. Kozachenko O. V. Dynamic model of the process of deformation of the elastic support of the diskator / O. V. Kozachenko, K. V. Sedykh // Technology and energy. Kyiv: NUBiP, No. 11(3), 2020. P. 31-39. 6. Kozachenko O. V. Physical and mathematical model of the interaction of the disk with the soil / O. V. Kozachenko, K. V. Sedykh, O. M. Volkovsky // Environmental engineering. Kharkiv: KhNTUSG, No. 2(16), 2020. P. 69-77. 7. Kharchenko S., Domachenko V., Siedykh K. Mathematical modeling of Mogilnay O., Paschenko operational stability of sowing machines’ mechanical systems. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise technologies. – 2018. № 4/1 (94).Р.37- 47. 8. Kozachenko O., Siedykh K. Modeling of the process of deformation of the elastic rack of the working bodies of the tillage implement TEKA. An International Quarterly Journal on Motorization, Vehicle Operation, Energy Efficiency and Mechanical Engineering. Lublin-Rzeszow. 2020. Vol. 20. No1. 41-50. 9. Sedykh K. V. (2021). Justification of the design and technological parameters of a disc harrow with elastic racks. Dissertation candidate of technical sciences in the specialty 05.05.11. Petro Vasylenko Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture. 248 p. 10. Kobets A.S., Aliyev E.B., Teslyuk G.V., Aliyeva O.Yu. Simulation of the process of interaction of working bodies of soil tillage machines with the soil in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. Scientific journal Technology and Energy NUBiP Vol. 14, No. 1. 2023. DOI: 10.31548/machinery/1.2023.09. 11. Aliyev E.B., Teslyuk G.V., Belka O.V., Patsula O.M. Numerical modeling of the soil tillage module operation process for pre-sowing soil cultivation. Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseeds of the NAAS, 2023, No. 34: pp. 132-145 DOI: 10.36710/IOC-2023-34-12.
Modeling of the impact motion of a particle along an inclined plane with a feed in the transverse direction
Анотація. Проаналізовано методи сепарації сипких матеріалів, за ознаками подільності, які на даний час застосовуються в відомих сепараторах. Показано, що вибір ознаки подільності є особливо важливим при підготовці посівного матеріалу, тому що з усієї маси насіння отриманого при збиранні необхідно вибрати насіннєвий матеріал, який має найбільший біологічний потенціал закладений в ньому генетично. Ця задача, як правило, вирішується із застосуванням комплексу ознак подільності, що приводить до зниження продуктивності сепарації збільшенню енергії витрат та травмованості зерна, тому правильний вибір та обґрунтування ознаки подільності, яка є найбільш ефективною розглядається в даній роботі. Розглянуто гравітаційний рух пружної округлої частинки по похилій площині. На основі диференціальних рівнянь з використанням теорії удару побудовані циклічні траєкторії польоту частинки у відносній системі координат, зв’язаній з площиною. Показано, що за ознаку гравітаційного розподілу зернових сумішей на похилій площині доцільно прийняти момент інерції частинок відносно їх центра мас.
Study of the dependence of the parameters of the skidding system on the characteristics of the environment
Abstract. The study is devoted to skidding wood under the canopy of a forest stand using small-sized skidding tools. An artificially created forest stand in flat relief conditions was chosen as the environment for studying the skidding system. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of the characteristics of the forest stand on the parameters of the skidding system, which ensure its free movement between trees in the area, which will contribute to reducing the number of trees with mechanical damage due to their contact with the skidding system. The main parameters of the skidding system, which are taken as basic, are its overall dimensions, in particular the length, which can be changed by changing the length of the timber. The distances between trees in a row and the width of the forest stand, as well as the stand assessment data, were taken as fixed factors. To achieve the research goal, a computer model was used that allows generating the skidding system operating environment, that is, a forest stand with an adopted tree placement scheme and a given deviation range from the scheme, as well as simulating and visualizing the skidding system movement in the generated forest stand, taking into account the skidding method and the angle of directional cutting of trees in the area. The basis was selected as piecemeal skidding of round timber using a "leash" mini skidder with appropriate equipment and the direction of tree cutting was taken into account, which will serve to select the initial position of the skidding system. As a result of graphical and analytical processing of the research results, it was possible to obtain the main regression and dependence equations that establish the relationship between the characteristics of the forest stand and the parameters of the skidding system from the condition of its unhindered movement in the stand in terms of avoiding contact with growing trees in the area, which leads to their mechanical damage.
Methods of formalized representation and analysis of passenger car body parameters
Annotation. The object of the study is the normalization of parameters and indicators of automobile bodies and their components at the design stage using experimental and calculated data. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for formalized representation, systematization and analysis of the results of experimental and numerical-analytical studies in order to ensure the optimal choice of design solutions and increase the durability of the passenger car body. The subject of the study is the quantitative dependence between the design stress, operational life and design parameters of the body, including stiffness, natural frequency, reflection amplitude of characteristic points and technological indicators of the quality of welded joints. Special attention is paid to establishing statistically substantiated dependencies between design parameters and durability, which allows assessing the influence of individual factors on the service life of body elements. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of serial cars and the results of experimental bench tests of bodies after welding, which include an assessment of the dynamic response, registration of the appearance of fatigue cracks and determination of technological characteristics of welds. For data processing, regression analysis methods, parametric and multi-criteria optimization, as well as graph-analytical interpretation of experimental results are used. The formation of a single data bank ensures the preservation and systematization of information on design stresses and operational experience, which allows using the accumulated results at any stage of design and modernization of structures. The results of the study allow establishing quantitative relationships between structural, technological and operational indicators, which ensures effective correction and improvement of car body structures. The proposed approach contributes to increasing the accuracy of durability prediction, the formation of rational design solutions and the creation of formalized models suitable for automated design. The use of the developed methodology allows you to reduce time and material costs in the design and modernization of bodies, as well as increase the reliability and safety of passenger car operation.
Influence of aerodynamic factors on the performance of vibratory-friction seed separation for small-seeded crops
Abstract. Two parallel working surfaces of a vibratory-friction seed separator form a flat air channel in which a complex alternating airflow is generated during operation. The velocity field in the working zone varies periodically, resulting in a non-uniform distribution of pressure and airflow velocities in the interplanar space. It has been established that the alternating airflow significantly affects the motion dynamics of seeds, especially small seeds with pronounced aerodynamic properties. In such cases, seed suspension above the working surface may occur, leading to a reduction in friction forces and deterioration of separation quality due to mixing of fractions. Thus, improving the efficiency of separation of small-seeded materials by considering aerodynamic factors and substantiating the design and operating parameters of the vibratory-friction separator is an актуальний scientific and applied task for agro-industrial production.
Digital twin of a machine-tractor unit as a tool for optimizing operating modes in variable field conditions.
Abstract. The article substantiates the scientific and technical principles of using a digital twin of a machine-tractor unit as a tool for optimizing operating modes under variable field conditions. It is shown that the efficiency of a machine-tractor unit is determined not only by the design parameters of the tractor and agricultural implement, but also by the ability of the control system to promptly take into account changes in draft resistance, soil moisture and density, wheel slip, field relief, tillage depth, travel speed and engine energy mode. A conceptual architecture of the digital twin of a machine-tractor unit is proposed, including the physical level of the unit, sensor level, data acquisition and synchronization level, model level, adaptive control level, optimization level, and interaction level with the operator and cloud infrastructure. The application of Model-Based Systems Engineering, Data Fusion, Edge Computing, IoT, GPS navigation, predictive control and artificial intelligence algorithms for creating an adaptive decision-support system is substantiated. A logical and mathematical description of the digital twin operation is developed, taking into account the traction balance of the unit, engine energy characteristics, wheel slip, tillage implement resistance and agrotechnological constraints. A multi-criteria approach to optimizing operating modes is proposed according to the criteria of minimizing specific fuel consumption, reducing wheel slip, ensuring stable tillage depth, increasing productivity and maintaining agrotechnical requirements. A simulation-based scenario is presented, demonstrating the potential possibility of reducing specific fuel consumption, stabilizing traction load and increasing the energy efficiency of the unit through adaptive selection of travel speed, gear ratio, hitch position and allowable wheel slip range.
Intelligent retrofit system for predictive diagnostics of electronic hydraulic drive and transmission control systems of tractors and automobiles
Abstract. The article addresses the scientific and applied problem of improving the reliability, timeliness and prognostic value of diagnostics of electronic control systems of hydraulic drive and transmission in tractors and automobiles under real operating conditions. Based on recent studies and Ukrainian publications, it is established that conventional scheduled maintenance and standard onboard diagnostic tools do not provide sufficient sensitivity to pre-failure states in complex electrohydraulic and transmission subsystems. The feasibility of an intelligent retrofit system is substantiated. Such a system is integrated into the existing electronic architecture of a machine without complete replacement of standard units and combines onboard data acquisition, telematics, edge and centralized analytical processing, and machine-learning methods. It is determined that the most informative basis for predictive assessment of technical condition is multichannel time-series data generated from CAN and ISOBUS environments and additional sensors of pressure, temperature, current, vibration, rotational speed, acoustic characteristics and actuator position. It is shown that the combination of telematics, vibroacoustic monitoring, transient-process modeling and machine-learning methods provides the basis for early detection of degradation processes, reduction of unplanned downtime and transition from reactive and schedule-based service to prognostics-oriented maintenance.
Optimization of the company's logistics service system
The article explores approaches to optimizing a company's logistics service system in the context of a modern market characterized by intense competition and growing consumer demands. It is established that one of the key strategic directions in logistics development is maintaining a balance between customer service levels and logistics costs. The study analyzes existing scientific approaches to the selection of logistics strategies and substantiates the feasibility of applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to justify the selection of a set of logistics services aimed at achieving the company's strategic goals. The proposed methodology involves constructing a hierarchical structure comprising the overall goal, performance criteria, and key logistics service indicators serving as alternatives. Pairwise comparisons of the hierarchy elements are performed using expert evaluations, optimal indicators are identified based on the Pareto principle, and the alternatives are ranked according to their impact on the strategic objective. The practical application of the methodology is demonstrated through the case of "Sfera-Avto," a company engaged in the sale of automobiles and spare parts. The results obtained contribute to improving decision-making efficiency in logistics management and enhancing the adaptability of the logistics system to market changes. The methodology can be recommended for use by enterprises seeking to increase their logistics service level without incurring excessive cost growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Science journal «Technical service of agriculture, forestry and transport systems»
Analytical model of parameters of vacuum pump filter
The article deals with the solution of the scientific problem to find methodological approaches to substantiation of the analytical model of parameters of the Vacuum Pump filter. As a result of the research, the equation for determining the velocity of motion of the oil particle when it removes from a vacuum pump and enter the filter of the muffler, the latter has a step increase in the radius and an expression for its determination. The author takes into account that the mass of the particle is not directly included in the formula for the air pressure. However, the mass affects the acceleration of the particle under the influence of pressure. If the air pressure exceeds gravity, the proportion will accelerate. The author considers, in terms of the process that occurs in the filter, it should be noted that the increase in the speed of movement of olive particles should lead to improving the purification effect, as centrifugal forces that act on the particles increase.
Experimental studies of sowing machine-tractor unit consisting of tractor and Vega-8 W Profi seeder
The article presents the results of experimental studies of the sowing machine-tractor unit consisting of tractor and the Vega-8 W Profi seeder. It has been established that the efficiency of agricultural operations largely depends on the productivity of MTA. It has been determined that conventional agricultural methods of growing crops often lead to soil compaction and increased greenhouse gas emissions. During experimental research, a measuring system for the dynamics and energy of mobile machines was used. The measuring system is designed to determine the kinematic, dynamic, power and energy characteristics of mobile machines and their elements during road, field and bench tests. During the first series of studies, the influence of the design parameters of the unit on the dynamics and oscillations of the elements was determined, as well as in order to assess the technical and economic indicators. At a speed of 2.8 m/s, the acceleration of IVP-3, which is installed on the seeder saddle, has the largest range of oscillations. These indicators are influenced by the proximity of the fan of the pneumatic system of the seeder. The main oscillation energies of the elements of the unit are at frequencies of 5, 22 and 30-35 Hz. During the second series of studies, differences in the oscillations of the seeding units of the seeder were determined. The main energy of oscillations (amplitude of vibration accelerations) of the seeder seeders is at frequencies of 3, 20, 28, 30 Hz at a speed of 2.8 m/s. The amplitudes of vibration accelerations of the first and last seeding units at frequencies of 28–30 Hz are lower than the amplitudes of vibration accelerations of the fourth and fifth. The experimental studies carried out in the PSP made it possible to assess the technical and operational indicators of the sowing unit. Indicators of soil condition meet the conditions for sowing grain crops. Soil moisture in layers of 0-5 cm was 21.4%; 5-10 cm – 23.9 %, 10-15 cm – 22.9 %. Optimization of the design parameters of the unit made it possible to improve technical and operational indicators. In the modernized version of the sowing MTA, productivity was increased by 15% to 5.2 ha/h; Fuel consumption per hectare decreased by 0.2 kg/ha (18%) to 2.4 kg/ha.
Modeling the rate of descent of bulk material from rotating conical disk under conditions of excess pressure
The paper presents a mathematical model of the movement of an elementary particle of bulk material on a conical disk rotating at a constant angular velocity. The effect of overpressure in the dosing zone on the trajectory and dynamics of particle motion is investigated. The modeling takes into account gravity, friction, centrifugal and Coriolis forces, as well as the vertical component of the pressure force. Numerical modeling was carried out, the results of which allow us to substantiate the design and operating parameters of a multicomponent dosing and mixing device to ensure uniform supply of components. The results can be used to design efficient systems for mixing bulk materials in the chemical, food, and construction industries.
Assessment of load dynamics of subsoiler in tillage system.
Modern agriculture is focused on the introduction of energy-saving, rational and environmentally friendly agricultural technologies. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to preserving the fertility of agricultural land. One of the most pressing issues facing agricultural enterprises and farmers is excessive soil compaction. This problem is caused by the increasing weight and size of agricultural machinery, which leads to compaction of not only the arable but also the subsoil layer. The depth of compaction depends on a number of factors, including the weight of tractors, the number of passes of machinery, moisture, soil type and physical condition. In addition, intensive ploughing at a steady depth results in the formation of a so-called ‘plough sole’ with a hardness of more than 3.5 MPa. This condition of the soil prevents capillary moisture from rising from deeper layers, which negatively affects the water supply of crop root systems. One of the most effective ways to combat soil compaction is deep loosening (chiselling), also known as vertical tillage. This technology helps to improve the water and air regime of the soil and, under certain conditions, can serve as an alternative to traditional ploughing. This publication examines the load dynamics on deep-rippers used to break up compacted layers in modern tillage systems. The study was carried out using a measuring and recording complex developed at the university, which provides real-time monitoring of machine load parameters without the need to modify its design. This approach allows us to obtain reliable data for further improvement of agricultural processes.
Application of adaptive approach in control system of evaporation process at sugar factory using static model
The article discusses the control system of the juice evaporation process in evaporator units. A regression model of the evaporation process is analyzed, revealing that the model possesses a number of properties that limit its applicability for control tasks. Thepaper addresses the development of mathematical models of the sugar production evaporation process that reflect process dynamics and are based on material and energy balance equations. The main directions for improving the efficiency of the control system for the dynamic evaporation process are identified, allowing for optimization of juice evaporation modes. The key approaches to determining effective mathematical models that describe the juice evaporation process in a multi-effect evaporator are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of mathematical models used in the mathematical support system for optimizing the evaporator operation modes are outlined. Effective algorithms for estimating regression coefficients of the juice evaporation process indicators, described by static models, are reviewed. For this purpose, an accelerated identification algorithm is proposed and investigated. This algorithm differs from existing ones by its higher convergence rate and robustness in the presence of measurement errors, as confirmed during the development of sugar production process models. The application of this algorithm in constructing mathematical models of the sugar production process ensured an acceptable identification error (10%) within 20–30 cycles. The use of this algorithm, in combination with the developed adaptive control algorithm, proved highly effective in solving stabilization problems of output variables in the evaporator section, maintaining a control (stabilization) error not exceeding 10%.
Integration of environmental monitoring and occupational safety systems in context of energy enterprises
The article addresses the integration of environmental monitoring and occupational safety systems at energy enterprises. It examines modern technologies such as IoT and Big Data, which enable the creation of a unified information system for real-time tracking of environmental conditions and workplace safety. The main directions for implementing advanced integrated technologies in environmental monitoring and occupational safety systems are identified. The study analyzes current safety trends during the adoption of modern safety technologies. It also highlights the risks and advantages of such integrations, using examples from Ukrainian practice.
Results of experimental studies of elastic riser of discator with stiffness regulator
The results of experimental tests of an elastic riser with a stiffness regulator in laboratory conditions are presented. According to the results of the performed experimental studies, the dynamics of the traction force of the frame P1, the traction forces of the upper and extreme points of the elastic riser of the disk working body P2 and P3, as well as the orientation angles of the three-axis accelerometer α, β, γ for each experiment according to the Box-Benkin plan of three factors (the angle of the wedge-shaped insert of the elastic riser of the disk working body , the depth of entry of the disk working body into the soil h and the speed of movement v) at three levels of variation were obtained. According to the results of processing the experimental data obtained during the tests of the elastic riser with a stiffness regulator using the Wolfram Cloud program, the dependences in the form of second-order regression equations of the average value of the frame traction force P1, its root-mean-square deviation σ1, the frequency of oscillations of the working body ω, the average value of the force at the upper (P2) and extreme (P3) points of the elastic riser of the disk working body from the angle of the wedge-shaped insertion of the riser of the disk working body , the depth of entry of the disk working body into the soil h and the speed of movement v. By optimizing the obtained equation for the frequency of oscillations of the disk working body under the condition of minimizing the frame traction force, the values of the research factors were obtained: θ = 1.81°, h = 0.06 m, v = 1 m/s. In this case, the minimum frequency of oscillations of the disk working body ωmin = 51.6 Hz.
Forecasting the technical condition of automobile transmissions based on integrated analysis of vibration and acoustic characteristing using advanced methods of artificial intellegence and modeling of transient processes
The technical state prediction of automotive transmissions plays a pivotal role in ensuring the reliability, safety, and cost-effectiveness of modern vehicles. Automotivetransmissions operate under variable and often harsh conditions, which makes early detection of defects and accurate life prediction critical challenges in vehicle maintenance. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for diagnosing and forecasting the technical state of automotive transmissions by leveraging advanced signal analysis, state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques, and mathematical modeling of transient processes. The proposed approach begins with the acquisition of high-precision multi-source data, including vibration, acoustic, and thermal signals collected under real-world operational conditions. Signal preprocessing methods, such as noise reduction and feature extraction using Fourier and Wavelet Transform techniques, are applied to isolate diagnostically significant features. Advanced machine learning algorithms-including neural networks, support vector machines, and ensemble methods such as Random Forest and Gradient Boosting - are employed to classify defect types and predict the remaining useful life of components. Complementary mathematical modeling techniques, including finite element analysis and numerical solutions for nonlinear systems, are used to simulate the dynamics of transmission components under variable loads. Experimental validation demonstrates the methodology’s effectiveness in diagnosing early-stage defects and providing accurate life predictions, significantly reducing unscheduled downtimes. The integration of this methodology into automated monitoring systems improves diagnostic precision and optimizes maintenance schedules, enhancing overall vehicle reliability and safety. Future research will focus on extending this methodology to accommodate emerging vehicle technologies, such as electric and hybrid powertrains, while addressing the challenges of explainability in AI-driven diagnostics.
State of development of traction electric motors of increased reliability
The development of traction motors is an important direction in the improvement of transport vehicles. Traction motors are constantly improving in terms of electricity consumption and reliability and diagnostics, as well as reducing operating costs. This article pays special attention to methods for selecting the type of traction motor, assessing the quality of traction motors during design, manufacture and operation based on their vibration characteristics.